Rethinking Our Language: From 'Handicapping' to 'Adaptive Play'

Language has power. It shapes how we see the world, how we interact with one another, and how we frame relationships - even those between species. I talk a lot about how the words we use can unintentionally limit our dogs (and ourselves). Labels can really get in the way. They box in potential, reinforce old assumptions, and sometimes hold us back from seeing what's really going on.

In the dog behaviour world, there's a long-standing term used to describe a thoughtful act during canine play: handicapping. This is when a stronger, faster, or more energetic dog adjusts their play style - lowering their stance, reducing their strength or speed, and generally inhibiting their own power - to allow a smaller, younger, or less confident dog to stay in the game. It's often seen as a sign of social intelligence and kindness.

But let’s take a closer look at the word itself.

'Handicap' is a term loaded with history. While it may still be used in some sports contexts (like golf), for many people - especially those with disabilities or who have been labeled as 'handicapped' at some point in their lives - the word can carry negative connotations. The term 'handicap' can imply deficiency, limitation, or disadvantage, which may not reflect how many individuals with disabilities view themselves or prefer to be addressed.

When we use this term casually, even in a context as well-meaning as dog play, we might unintentionally reinforce language that some find painful or diminishing.

So, what’s a better alternative?

Let’s call it what it is: adaptive play.

'Adaptive' suggests flexibility, intelligence, responsiveness, and respect. It better reflects what the dog is actually doing - adapting their behaviour to meet the needs of a social situation. And it’s a word that celebrates inclusion, not limitation.

As people who care deeply about dogs - and about the humans who support, train, and love them - we can do better with our language. We can evolve. We can choose words that honour the dignity of everyone involved in the conversation.

Let’s ditch 'handicapping' and embrace adaptive play.

Because words matter.